Journal of Spatial Planning and Design aims to contribute to national and universal science by publishing contemporary, original and qualified research articles on theoretical and case studies together with the reviews in the fields of or the fields related to Architecture, Interior Architecture, Urban and Regional Planning, Landscape Architecture; relevant to the topics of planning and design, conservation and renovation, building, technology and design of building systems, industrial product design and technologies, and all other related interdisciplinary theoretical, implementation and historical researches, together with the researches evaluating the relation of human with its environment through urban, rural and regional scales from the perspectives of physical planning and design. Journal of Spatial Planning and Design (SPlanDes) publishes original and academic researches/articles, invited or Editor approved reviews, planning and design projects, interviews and book reviews. Moreover, the journal also publishes symposium proceedings giving information about the symposium name and date, and providing that they are not yet published elsewhere. Journal of Spatial Planning and Design (SPlanDes) is a double-blind peer-reviewed, scientific and open-access e-journal. The journal publishes articles in Turkish or English. There is no evaluation and application fee for the articles submitted to the journal and it is published twice a year. All interested readers can also read, download, and/or print open access articles at no cost. e-ISSN:2792-050X Editor in Chief: Prof. Dr. Öner DEMİREL
Sustainable Agriculture; Agroecology And Environmental Protection
Presently, ensuring sustainable agricultural production has become a global priority by enhancing income through improved product quality, minimizing environmental degradation via reduced input use, ensuring food security through the provision of nutritious food, and preserving natural resources. Sustainable agriculture represents a holistic approach encompassing economic objectives aimed at high-quality production, social goals focused on improving farmers’ quality of life, and environmental targets geared toward reducing pollution through the efficient management of ecosystems. These objectives can be strategically achieved through the integration of precision (smart) agriculture technologies. Agroecology, as an ecological practice, offers a sustainable alternative to conventional agricultural systems by drawing on local food system experiences. Beyond being a mere production method, agroecology functions as a scientific discipline and a social movement that spans the entire value chain from farm to table. By incorporating regenerative agriculture and permaculture, this approach fosters social sustainability while simultaneously safeguarding soil and water resources.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sekizgen Academy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A Study on Creating a Landscape Plant Database at Amasya University Campuses
Universities are not only educational institutions, but also important urban centers contributing to social, cultural, economic, and ecological development. Their spatial structure requires holistic planning of open, semi-open, and enclosed spaces that combine functions such as accommodation, relaxation, dining, and recreation. Botanical design is a key component of this approach. Plants on campuses serve not only aesthetic purposes, but also regulate microclimate, support biodiversity, promote psychological healing, and create sustainable environments. This study identifies plant species on Amasya University campuses and processes the data in ArcGIS 10.8 to create a digital plant database. The database enhances traceability of campus plant diversity and provides a scientific basis for future landscape design, management, and planning. In the long term, it is also expected to support landscape management, plant maintenance, and ecological awareness initiatives.
Cultural Landscape Assessment of the Historic Isparta Railway Station and The Converted Isparta Millet Park
Today, actions aimed at adding value to the city's economy, landscape and ecosystem through areas that are currently unused but possess historical and cultural heritage value are becoming increasingly important. In this context, the historic Isparta Train Station has been transformed from an unused space into an important cultural and public landscape space through the Isparta Millet Garden concept. The Historic Isparta Railway Station holds an important place in Isparta's history and, in combination with the People's Garden, plays a significant role in terms of tourism and recreation. This study will highlight the historical process of the Historic Isparta Train Station and emphasise its importance for the city of Isparta. It will analyse the implemented People's Garden design concept, spatial sustainability, building structure, materials used, fixtures and furniture, plant design, lighting, water usage, energy usage, infrastructure design, accessibility, and user usability. The importance of the space in terms of cultural landscape will be examined.
Landscape Design for Healthy Cities: Impacts on Physical and Mental Health
The study examines the effects of landscape design on healthy cities and its relationship with physical and mental health from various perspectives. It is stated that healthy cities are areas where citizens' basic needs are met without interruption and elements such as air quality, clean water, and safe food supply are provided. While emphasizing that landscape design is a broad environmental whole formed by the combination of natural and cultural elements, it is expressed that green spaces increase the overall quality of life by reducing mental health problems such as stress, depression, and anxiety. It emphasizes the importance of considering water, food, and land capacities in urban planning, reducing carbon emissions through sustainable urban renewal, reusing water and energy resources, and supporting biodiversity. Additionally, by examining research on the positive effects of contact with nature on human health, it is noted that nature reduces stress, increases happiness, and alleviates mental fatigue. In conclusion, it is emphasized that landscape design is an indispensable element for healthy cities and has significant effects on people's physical and mental health.
Urbanization Dynamics of Amasya: Linear Development Shaped by Topography and Riverine Landscapes
Amasya, one of Türkiye’s historically significant cities, exhibits a distinctive urbanization pattern shaped primarily by its unique topography and riverine geography. The city is nestled within a narrow valley, surrounded by steep mountains, with the Yeşilırmak River running through its center. This natural configuration has restricted settlement expansion, leading to a linear pattern of urban development oriented along the riverbanks and the limited flatlands adjacent to the valley floor. Unlike cities that sprawl radially, Amasya’s urban growth reflects a directional progression, where cultural, residential, and infrastructural elements align with the valley corridor. Such constraints, while limiting horizontal expansion, have fostered compact urban morphology and close integration between built environments and natural landscapes. This linear urbanization not only illustrates the strong interdependence of topography and human settlement but also emphasizes the need for sustainable planning approaches that respect ecological sensitivity, flood risks, and the preservation of Amasya’s rich cultural landscape. Within the framework of sustainable development, analyzing Amasya’s urban form offers valuable insights into how historical cities adapt their growth strategies to geographical constraints, balancing cultural heritage with contemporary urban needs.
The Impact of Zoning Peace on the Gecekondu Issue: An Evaluation of Regulations, Scholarly Approaches, and Policy Debates in Turkey
This study evaluates the impacts of Turkey’s long standing zoning amnesties and most recently, the Zoning Peace enacted in 2018 on the gecekondu phenomenon through a literature-based analysis. The gecekondu which began to increase rapidly from the 1940s onwards, has been shaped by various legal arrangements and amnesty policies introduced at different periods in particular, the Gecekondu Law No. 775, the comprehensive zoning amnesties implemented after 1980 and the 2018 Zoning Peace constitute critical turning points in this process. Findings from the literature indicate that while zoning amnesties have contributed to resolving property rights issues and increasing spatial security for some households, they have simultaneously encouraged unauthorized construction, weakened the planning system, deepened problems of urban justice, and eroded the state’s capacity to enforce legal regulations. The Zoning Peace, by legalizing the extensive stock of unregistered buildings concentrated especially in major metropolitan areas, has been criticized for reproducing the gecekondu as a legitimate option rather than preventing its production in the long term. The study demonstrates that zoning amnesty policies in Turkey have been insufficient in addressing the the gecekondu problem and that a lasting solution requires a comprehensive housing policy, the production of social housing, and a robust urban planning system.
Investigating the Role of Biocultural Memory in the Preservation of Cultural Landscapes
Biocultural values ​​play a critical role in understanding the socio-ecological interactions in the past of cultural landscapes and therefore warrant further research. This study is based on the assumption that biocultural values ​​are preserved in a landscape managed by indigenous people and traditional knowledge, whereas otherwise they will deteriorate. This study examines the deterioration of a cultural landscape created by the Circassian people through reclamation efforts in mountain forests based on their traditional knowledge, which was severed from its community management due to wartime conditions, and its recent revitalization. The study presents an assessment of the example of Circassian Forest Gardens, using the concepts of Biocultural Diversity, Biocultural Heritage, Cultural Disengagement, and Biocultural Memory. This study, based on a literature review, is intended as an invitation to think about the concepts in question and a contribution to academic knowledge, in order to preserve some values ​​of cultural landscapes that deserve to be protected, rather than a prescription for action.
From Circular Economy to Circular Water Systems: Conceptual Evolution And Governance Approaches in The Literature
ABSTRACT This study examines the concepts of circular economy and circular water economy within a historical, theoretical, and strategic framework. Circular economy approaches, developed as alternatives to linear production-consumption models, are based on resource efficiency, waste minimization, and closed-loop system design. The circular water economy expands these principles into water management, encompassing not only the reuse of water, but also energy and nutrient recovery, infrastructure efficiency, social inclusivity, and climate resilience. Bibliometric analysis conducted through the Scopus database reveals that water-focused studies remain limited within the circular economy literature. In this context, the WICER (Water in Circular Economy and Resilience) model—focusing on resilient and inclusive services, pollution reduction, and ecosystem restoration—is evaluated alongside strategies for implementing circular water systems. The study contributes to the literature and offers a comprehensive, multi-scalar, and resilient governance framework for water management, aimed at supporting policymakers and practitioners in the transition toward sustainable urban systems. Keywords: Circular economy, circular water economy, WICER model, water management, sustainable strategies
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Methods and Plants Used in Erosion Control on Highways in Turkey
Erosion is the process of soil particles being displaced from their original location due to natural factors such as water, wind, ice, or gravity, or through human activities. This process becomes more pronounced, especially in areas with steep slopes and bare soil surfaces around highways. Highways are engineering projects that significantly alter natural ecosystems, increasing the risk of erosion. In Turkey, water and wind erosion are commonly observed, particularly in the Central Anatolia, Eastern Anatolia, and Southeastern Anatolia regions. This study focuses on the causes and effects of erosion on highways in Turkey, erosion control methods, and the plants used for this purpose. The main factors contributing to increased erosion risk during highway construction include the loss of natural vegetation, soil structure degradation, and changes in the natural flow of water. Erosion control is of great importance for maintaining the stability of highways, ensuring infrastructure safety, and achieving environmental sustainability. Erosion control methods implemented in Turkey include afforestation, geomatic techniques, biotechnical solutions, and engineering structures. The effectiveness of these methods can be enhanced through an integrated approach supported by regional strategies. Successful erosion control projects in Turkey, particularly afforestation efforts and other preventive projects carried out by the General Directorate of Forestry and the General Directorate of Highways, serve as exemplary models.
Re-functioning for Sustainable Cultural Heritage, A Workshop on “Cenani Mansion”
With the growth of cities, it has become inevitable for areas and structures that have lost their function in the center to transform together with their environment and gain different functions. Each of the structures with different functions in the historical surroundings of the cities is a cultural heritage as it carries the traces of the period in which they were built. For sustainable cultural heritage, the social, cultural, historical and architectural values ​​of these structures must be preserved and thus transferred to future generations. Re-functioning in historical texture is an important area of ​​interior design. Due to the importance of the subject, an experimental workshop was conducted with the participation of 12 students within the scope of the Interior Space Organization elective course of the Department of Architecture at Gaziantep University. This study covers the re-functioning of the Cenani Mansion, which is in the historical city center of Gaziantep, to sustain its cultural heritage. At the end of the workshop, interior designs that consider the preservation of the historical texture and the existing structure were revealed. It has been determined that the theoretical knowledge transferred to the participant students throughout the process, workshops and their own researches are reflected in the final theoretical product of this workshop, it is aimed to gain design practices in order to think about the protection of historical buildings, which are our cultural heritage, and to function them with the right architectural solutions.
Cultural heritage, Sustainable design, Re-functioning, Interior Design, Cenani Mansion
THOUGHTS ON ISTANBUL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FROM PAST TO PRESENT
Transportation is one of the most important needs from the first human to the present, such as moving, carrying goods, etc. It is important for functions. As it is known, cities require a relationship between daily life and usage areas in urban areas in order to meet the needs of human life and increase the quality of life. In this context, the study titled “A Local Transportation System Research in Kadıköy, Istanbul” written on the subject of the Master's Thesis in the Faculty of Architecture, Urban Planning Department on the problems in the transportation system of Istanbul in the 1970s was conducted in 1976. The problems revealed at the time of the study were compared with the current situation, and solution suggestions were made in the context of the determination of the ongoing problems and determinations in the current situation.
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AN ANALYSIS of the SAKARYA KARAMAN BARRIER-FREE NATION'S GARDEN BASED ON UNIVERSAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Individuals with disabilities experience limitations in their physical, mental, emotional, or sensory capacities, often necessitating support or specific accommodations to navigate daily activities and interactions. These challenges may encompass mobility, vision, hearing, cognition, or communication. From a design perspective, it is imperative to ensure that environments, products, and services are accessible and usable, addressing the diverse needs and challenges faced by individuals with disabilities. To foster inclusion and promote social equality, designers must prioritize universal design principles and accessibility standards. This study evaluates the accessibility of the Sakarya Karaman Barrier-Free Nation's Garden through the lens of universal design principles. Although the park was designed as a barrier-free environment adhering to these principles, several significant deficiencies were identified. The evaluation revealed that the park fails to fully meet key principles such as equitable use, safety and security, minimized physical effort, and appropriate dimensions and spaces for pathways. These shortcomings underscore the necessity for a comprehensive reassessment of the park to implement requisite modifications, ensuring it accommodates the needs of individuals with disabilities effectively.
Universal Design, Accessibility, Landscape Design, Disability, Nation's Garden, Urban Equality, Urban Design
THE ROLE OF SPATIAL MEMORY IN THE REVITALISATION OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS
Historic buildings are not only physical entities, but also living witnesses of the past with the layers of cultural, social and psychological meaning they harbour. These buildings carry a spatial memory that reflects the experiences, beliefs and lifestyles of the people living in them. Spatial memory is the sum of the emotional and semantic ties that individuals and communities establish with places. These ties are formed through the physical characteristics of the space, its use, the events experienced in it and the emotions associated with these events. While spatial memory gives individuals a sense of identity and belonging, it also provides communities with a common past and future. In this direction, spatial memory is a type of memory that is formed through the physical characteristics of a building, its use and the events experienced in it and transferred to future generations. Historical buildings serve as a bridge between the past and the future thanks to the spatial memory they harbour. These buildings are an important part of our cultural heritage and need to be protected. Today, the preservation of historical buildings and their transfer to future generations is of great importance. In this context, the revitalisation of historical buildings is an important method that ensures both the physical preservation of buildings and the survival of spatial memory. Revitalisation of historical buildings means integrating these buildings into today's life and giving them new functions, thus both protecting the buildings and contributing to the cultural life of the society. In this study, the importance of the traces of spatial memory in historical buildings and the importance of spatial memory in the revitalisation of today's historical buildings are emphasised.
SPATIALITY, KAMA MUTA, AND DESIGN: A MODEL PROPOSAL
This study presents a theoretical framework exploring the relationship between spatial dynamics and the experience of Kama Muta, a sudden, intense emotional response often experienced in social contexts, especially during art and performance (Fiske, Schubert, & Seibt, 2016). Hypothesizing that Kama Muta can function as a conceptual tool for understanding spatial dynamics' emotional and sensory effects, this research draws on theories from Lefebvre, Soja, Harvey, and Massey. It examines how dynamics such as belonging, memory, subjectivity, social capital, and relationality enhance the Kama Muta experience within cultural spaces, particularly in performing arts venues. Using Istanbul’s Kadıköy district and its alternative theater stages as a case study, the framework explores how concurrent spatial dynamics can interact to deepen this emotional response. This proposed model is intended to guide future research in architecture and urban planning, supporting the development of aesthetic and user-centered design strategies that engage emotional and social dimensions of spatiality.
UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE DIYARBAKIR WALLS AND HEVSEL GARDENS DICLE VALLEY: NATURAL, CULTURAL, HISTORICAL, AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL VALUES
On July 4, 2015, the 39th session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee was held in the city of Bonn, Germany. During the meeting, the inclusion of the ancient city of Ephesus and the Diyarbakır Walls with the Hevsel Gardens in Turkey on the "World Cultural Heritage" list was discussed. The committee decided to include the Diyarbakır Walls and Hevsel Gardens as a "Cultural Landscape" on the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage list.
ECOLOGICAL APPROACH TO URBAN CENTER PLANNING
In the planning of old and new urban centers, the "Ecological Approach (EKOMIA)" aims to explore the concept of "Sustainable Center Planning." This involves evaluating and enhancing existing natural/ecological data based on the city's location and climatic conditions, conserving materials and energy in urban centers, improving infrastructure with environmental sensitivity, and recycling waste in an eco-friendly manner.
This study discusses the process of photography from traditional to digital media and NFT. New media has brought a great change to humanity's understanding of information and content production, compared to traditional media. Now, every information and content produced can be watched by the whole world within seconds. The great impact of developing technology on art production and consumption can also be observed. This situation has brought new art production and consumption strategies to the agenda and brought a different perspective to art products. The visibility of art has increased significantly, and the idea of production, reproduction and sales has been updated. With new media art, the concept of uniqueness of the work of art, which exists in the traditional understanding of art, has been adapted and transformed into the digital environment. The art of photography is at the center of all this change, as a part of social life, and has reached its current structure, evolved with new media. Galleries have been moved to the digital environment with new media. This has created digital markets in the field of photography and made it possible for sales to be made on the internet. Blockchain technology, which emerged with new media, has changed humanity's perspective on trade with sales made with virtual money by offering an open and unintermediary digital system to the society. As the virtual market of art, NFT has enabled the products to meet collectors by protecting the copyrights and ensuring the uniqueness of photography, just like other art fields. The scope of the article consists of the impact of social media on the change of society's perception of art, the effects of the new consumption culture created by new media on the art of photography, and the relationship between NFT (Non-fungible tokens) and the field of photography.
Development Process and Strategic Management of Ecotourism in Turkey
In the Development Plans at the Country Spatial Planning Level, strategies have been developed to ensure the continuity of the contribution of tourism to the country's economy and to increase the diversity of tourism mobility by expanding it in alternative areas. Among these activities, it is seen that the steps and regulations taken especially for Ecotourism stand out. Natural Resource Based Tourism activities of the tourism diversity that spreads to every area in our country's nature are a serious economic resource. As it became widespread as alternative tourism in the 1990s, the country's nature and special conservation areas were evaluated for this purpose, and touristic uses tended to become widespread, causing it to gain an increasing speed and momentum in all our regions. Strategies for Strengthening the Tourism Sector have been put forward in order to increase employment and make tourism a leading sector in regional development by adopting a sustainable tourism approach. T.R. “Tourism Council(s) Model” detailed in the "2023 Tourism Strategy Action Plan" report of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism dated 2007; The organizational model of Point, Provincial and National Tourism Councils has been put forward and job descriptions have been made. Also, finally, Ecotourism Standards and Certification Programs are discussed in the article.
The National / International Dimension of Tourism and Legal Regulations
The tourism sector has been evaluated from a new perspective in the world and in our country, and its reflections on tourism have gained different dimensions and different contents. by concepts of sustainability, globalization and participation taking part into the tourism literature nowadays. The fact that tourism, as an integrated service industry, constitutes a driving force of growth and development has imposed the intensive use and evaluation of all the world's resources and their components. By drawing the boundaries of the international obligations that have emerged as a result of the efforts carried out under the leadership of international global powers and organizations, it has been underlined that the income from tourism with a transboundary approach can only be possible by protecting and sustaining the natural and cultural values. This article addresses managerial and administrative organizations globally, in Europe, and in our country, along with civil formations, the activities of non-governmental organizations, and the legal dimension. Additionally, declarations, contracts, and obligations guiding the development of the tourism movement are also provided.
Seoul Tears Down An Urban Highway And The City Can Breathe Again
Some parts of the rivers that have been underground and flowing as sewers in Ankara since the 1950s can be added to the city as a recreation area and landscape value. Opening the streams in some places and creating new routes in some places and draining them are infrastructure and superstructure engineering projects. River basins should be handled starting from the upper basin, and pollution inspections and flood measures should be carried out continuously from the source (upstream) to the place where it flows into the sea (downstream). The city's river and valley systems should be addressed with a holistic approach and a "GREEN-BLUE MAIN PLAN" should be prepared in line with the "GREEN POLICY". In this article, the practices of the SEOUL CHEONGGYECHEON RIVER, which is an important and successful international experience that can be an example for the recovery of Ankara's LOST STREAMS, TEA and STREAMS as an important "GREEN-BLUE INFRASTRUCTURE" for the city, will be explained.
Izmir Sustainability Center (S-Hub) Within the Framework of Sustainable and Ecological Landscape Design Approaches
It was decided to reorganize the existing structure of the coastal area and its immediate surroundings within the scope of the Izmir Sustainability Center (S-Hub), located in Turan District of Bayraklı District, with a design competition opened by the local administration. The area at the intersection of land and sea areas must be designed with an improvement-development approach, considering its potential to be included in sustainable networks/systems in the city and become a hub/resistance point. In the light of these facts, in the study handled within the framework of sustainable and ecological landscape planning and design approaches, ecological rehabilitation and renovation opportunities of the urban landscape were determined within the framework of aesthetic and bioengineering principles.
Ecological Landscape Planning and Design
Determination of Flood Risk Areas and Carbon Sink Areas in The Scope of Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation: Case Study Of Çiğli, İzmir
With the industrial revolution, the boundaries of urban and rural areas have expanded and the rural periphery has disappeared. Structural areas and transportation networks have dominated the cities and the spaces with natural character have begun to wear out. On the basis of this, increasing heavy metals and the inability of nature to renew itself have started to bring the phenomenon of climate change to the agenda. The decrease in the rate of green areas in cities and the loss of function of wetlands with strong natural characteristics have caused the ecosystem services not to continue throughout the city and countryside. Çiğli District emerges as an important example for analyzing the interaction between the natural environment and the built environment, as it has been exposed to rapid industrialization and housing and contains an important Ramsar Site. Today, the biggest problems of Çiğli are the increasing amount of carbon and the flood risk. Within the scope of the study, areas with flood risk throughout Çiğli district were determined, in addition to this, the areas with the highest carbon emissions were determined and solution suggestions were presented.
Temple of Rome and Augustus within The Political Landscape: A Monument of Imperial Image
Political landscape emerges as a spatial dimension of power. It is explained by the intervention through the creation of space of the political systems and is understood through the multi-layered relations revealed by the space, time and human factor. Rulers have always legitimated their power through the physical space by making use of monuments for exercising their supremacy. Temple of Rome and Augustus, representation of a newly established regime of Augustus, is a good case for discussing how imperial power made use of this monument for conveying a message inscribed on stone at the province of Galatian Ancyra. The monument does not only stand as an expression of imperial message, but it is also a component of the landscape. Temple of Rome and Augustus has been examined in detail in the context of its history, epigraphy, architecture, and archaeology. This study evaluates the temple, which was built during the merging of the Galatia Region into a Roman province, in the context of the political landscape in the representation of the new administrative order. The temple will be revisited by means of place making and its visibility value. In symbolizing the sovereign power, the location of the temple is also being evaluated through viewshed analysis, as part of the spatial analysis in which Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is utilized.
Bringing People Together With Water in Urban Space
Sustainable drainage systems (SDS) are widely used to reduce the negative effects of the part of the precipitation that is not absorbed by the soil and to benefit from these waters. By directing these waters correctly, stagnant water habitats and water-themed recreational facilities can be created. The most important effect of urbanization on surface waters formed after precipitation is changes in quantity and quality. The increase in watertight surfaces in parallel with urbanization and the inability to remove precipitation waters from these areas in a controlled manner lead to floods, soil erosion; Leakage, evaporation and reduction of groundwater formation. Non-ecological traditional drainage methods are used in order to quickly transport the surface waters, which are formed as a result of rain and snowfall in urban areas, from these areas. However, making these waters functional with more local solutions will provide much more ecological, economic and visual benefits, especially in mass housing areas that contain water. In this study, it will be revealed how to create the water element that should be considered in mass housing areas with sustainable drainage systems, which is an ecological, completely natural treatment system that does not use chemicals, unlike traditional chlorinated pools.
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A Geospatial approach to Create Environmentally Resilient Urban Areas
Adaptation to climate change has been on the agenda of many communities around the world since extreme heat waves, flash floods, storm surge damage, etc. affected populated cities and towns negatively. In this respect there may be several measures to take in order to tolerate these impacts. At global-, or country-scales these measures may include increasing energy efficiency, planning agricultural production, protecting forested areas and water resources. Monitoring of land use/cover and its change may also be a good strategy to document landscape-level environmental trends. This documentation may help develop adaptation strategies. Finer spatial scales may be required as long as urban areas are concerned. In this respect, mapping urban green infrastructure may be the basis for drafting action plans and creating recommendations for environmentally resilient urban areas. This paper discusses the term “environmental resilience” and highlights the importance of geospatial information on green infrastructure for creating environmentally resilient cities.
Country Landscape/Protection And Planning
After the 1990s in our country, the adoption of Master Plans for protected areas gained momentum, importance was attached to the preparation of Long-Term Development Plans (UDGP) for all protected areas, and in July 2000, the Long-Term Development Plan Office Coordinatorship of the General Directorate of National Parks and Hunting and Wildlife was established to complete the planning works and to start implementing. As of this date, tenders have been opened to private sector organizations and universities for the preparation of UDGP for 33 areas. We have a total of 48 National Parks (884,566) and 259 Natural Parks (106,775) by 2022, and the master plan studies of 38 national parks have been completed by 2022. There are 3 basic stages in the preparation of plans. These stages consist of the first stage Analytical Study and Data Collection, the second stage Synthesis and Evaluation, the third stage Planning, and finally the Approval stage. Before planning, administrative and legal processes related to the preparation of the plan are initiated (allocation of appropriations if it is to be tendered, preparation of specifications, tender process, signing of the contract, etc.) and a planning team is formed according to the characteristics of the plan. In the Analytical Study and Data Collection phase, data on the location of the field, Natural Structure, Historical and Cultural Structure, Socio-economic Structure, Administrative and Legal Situation, Technical and Social Infrastructure, and Environmental Problems are obtained and ready to evaluate in the Synthesis stage. The data are evaluated by taking into account ecological, socio-economic, recreational and tourism, and legal administrative characteristics. In addition, natural, anthropogenic, and legal limiters and restrictors are put forward, and plan decisions are prepared by evaluating the problem/threat-possibility/opportunity analysis. Plan decisions are prepared under two general headings; General and Special Provisions. While the general provisions consist of arrangements for the entire area, the special provisions include the arrangements made according to the zoning made. The healthy existence of protected areas is based on good protected area planning and management. Protected area planning requires setting out the resource values of the area and what will be done for the sustainable management and use of biodiversity, how, with what budget, and with whom, the rules of implementation, and the methods associated with this (Griffin, 2002). In this context, it is necessary to consider the area holistically with important sub-plans such as policy, strategy and impact assessment, economic planning, financial planning, business planning, and type improvement planning for the sustainable conservation and management of all-natural and cultural resource values in the long term.
Estimation of Present and Future Distribution Areas of Greek Juniper (Juniperus excelsa Bieb.) According to Climate Changes Scenarios in GARP Program
It is known that global warming caused by climate change will have great effects on species. Determining the extent to which some species belonging to our country will be affected by climate change is very important in terms of planning their use in future studies for these species. In this study, which is based on estimating the extent of the effects of climate change and on species distribution, the current distribution areas and climate data in Turkey are used by using the presence data (presence data) and high-resolution environmental data of Juniperus excelsa. The future projection was modeled using the GARP 1.1.6 program, which uses the genetic algorithm for rule set generation, according to the scenarios developed depending on the change.In the modeling, 19 bioclimatic variables created by using the MIROC6 (Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate) model and using the SSP (Shared Socioeconomic Paths) 4.5 and SSP5 8.5 climate scenarios of the years 2041-2060 and 2081-2100 were used, and it was determined how the spatial and spatial distribution areas of the species would change. .According to the results obtained, Juniperus excelsa.It is seen that suitable areas will increase according to the SSP2 4.5 scenario 2050 and 2090 and SSP5 8.5 scenario 2050 estimation, but will decrease according to the SSP5 8.5 scenario 2090 estimation.
An Example of The Contribution of Early Republic Architecture To National Identity: Burdur Government Housing Building
After the proclamation of the Republic, construction works were initiated in many cities of Anatolia, which had identity problems, aiming to create a modern urban identity. Burdur, which is a small city in Anatolia, had not yet gained its urban identity at that time. From the first years of the Republic to the 1950s, the identity of cities was shaped in different architectural periods under the influence of modernization and westernization. In the study, the national identity of the Burdur Government Office building, which is one of the public buildings that witnessed the period it was built and has survived to the present day by preserving its structural and functional features, in the field of architecture has been examined. It is important for the city memory that the Burdur Government House reflects the architectural features of the period it was built and is a part of history. In the study, in which detailed plan and façade analyzes are explained, the structural relationship of the building with the government mansions built at about the same time in other Anatolian cities and showing similar features was also compared. As a result, this study, which deals with the architectural features of Burdur Government Office, which has an important place in the city's memory, will contribute to the literature on the subject.
Barrier-Free Design In Campus Areas: An Example Of Aydın Adnan Menderes University South Campus
Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to determine the deficiencies faced by disabled people at Aydın Adnan Menderes University South Campus and to eliminate these deficiencies and to create a barrier-free campus. Stairs, ramps, walkways, pavements, parking lots, amphitheater and assembly area, landscaping equipment, sports fields and planting in the studying area were examined in compliance with disabled standards, TS 12576 “Inner City Roads-Structural Measures on Streets, Avenues, Squares and Roads for the Disabled and Elderly and Design Rules of Markings”, previous studies and evaluated by making on-site observation, photographing, and dimensioning. Due to the fact that the campus is located in an inclined area, it has been concluded that it is not suitable for disabled people, especially on stairs and ramps, and the slopes of the roads used to access the building are excessive. Solution proposals have been developed for unsuitable areas.
Koprukoy (Kirikkale) As Touristic Village Enterprises Investigation Of Possibilities For Evaluation
In addition to providing economic and social benefits, whether at national or local level, tourism has significant contributions in protecting the natural environment, cultural heritage, contributing to the understanding of sustainable tourism, and promoting a region, region and even a country. In the context of diversification of rural tourism, rural settlements exhibit traditional civil architecture examples where different climate types and topographic conditions are effective, as well as outdoor uses and different structures shaped by the social and economic structure. In line with all these characteristics of the villages, these regions constitute a subject for rural tourism together with their surroundings, and they contribute to the village, the region where the village is located, the country and even the economy, multifaceted (social, economic, ecological and protective approaches). In this study, the tourism potential of rural settlements, which can be data for tourism for the village and its immediate surroundings and provide very important inputs in the development of rural tourism, in parallel with the natural and cultural resource values obtained about Köprüköy, which is located on the Kızılırmak Delta and on the Historical Silk Road, will be evaluated. Keywords: Koprukoy (Kırıkkale), Tourism, Sustainable Tourism, Rural Tourism
Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Spatial Planning and Design https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0