A Theoretical Framework In Horticultural Therapy: Relf Models

Abstract

Horticultural therapy is a nature-based therapeutic approach that uses plants to promote holistic well-being. In order to increase its effectiveness and enable scientific evaluation, horticultural therapy requires a systematic framework. This review aims to explain the Relf Models, which provide such a framework. When defining horticultural therapy, Relf recommends that trained professionals implement horticultural activities with live plants for diagnosed clients, with the aim of achieving measurable goals. When modelling the benefits of horticultural therapy, Relf categorised them as emotional, social, physical and intellectual, but did not explain the relationships between them. Therefore, Takaesu restructured the model to reveal these relationships. In this model, Relf updated his original model by using the concepts of psychological and cognitive rather than emotional and intellectual, respectively. When modelling the mechanism of horticultural therapy, Relf based its dynamics on three fundamental elements: interaction, action and reaction. He created a circular model to demonstrate the relationship between these three elements. When modelling the mechanism of well-being or quality of life, Relf stated that holistic gains in horticultural therapy contribute to mental health and well-being. Consequently, these models provide a systematic framework for defining horticultural therapy, its benefits and its mechanisms.