Tense Agreement in Time Clauses

1. By the time the additional funding was finally approved, the laboratory ---- for more than two years on a grant that had originally been intended to cover only six months.

Types of Pronouns

2. During the first year of the joint project the two laboratories were extremely reluctant to share unpublished data with ----, since each of them feared that the other would claim priority for the discovery.

Future Tenses

3. - Why have you brought all those printed charts and satellite images with you today?
- Because I ____ the committee how dramatically the coastline has retreated since 2010.

Present Perfect Tense & Present Perfect Continuous Tense

4. The manuscript was sent out for review eight months ago, but the editors ---- the authors any feedback ----.

Types of Pronouns

5. Unlike the earlier prototype, which had to be recharged every two hours, the device now being tested by the engineering team stores most of ---- operating energy in a graphene capacitor.

Simple Present & Present Continuous Tense

6. Whenever he prepares a béarnaise for the tasting menu, the chef ---- the sauce at least four times, since he insists that it ---- unpleasantly sharp if the vinegar goes into the pan too early.

Present Perfect Tense & Present Perfect Continuous Tense

7. Dr. Ateş ---- to the Antarctic research station three times so far, and she is due to fly out there once again in November.

Modals Verbs of Obligation, Necessity & Prohibition

8. The committee's decision to release the preliminary findings without independent replication now looks reckless: the results ---- by a second laboratory long before any public announcement was made.

Past Simple Tense & Past Continuous Tense

9. The photograph captures a single instant in the summer of 1962: children ---- in the square, vendors were shouting their prices, and a tram was crawling past the fountain.

Past Simple Tense & Past Continuous Tense

10. At the exact moment when the tsunami warning finally ---- the coastal resorts, hundreds of tourists ---- on beaches that would be under water within the hour.

Simple Present & Present Continuous Tense

11. Although the museum's newly opened east wing ---- more than three thousand artefacts from the late Bronze Age, no more than a tenth of them can be put on display at any one time.

Modals Verbs of Ability & Possibility

12. The lights in the observatory dome have been burning since dawn and all three vehicles are still parked outside, which can only mean that the team ---- still analysing the data from last night's session.

Simple Present & Present Continuous Tense

13. I am afraid I must miss the faculty lunch on Thursday: I ---- the external examiner at one o'clock that day, an appointment we arranged only last week, and I ---- no way of moving it at such short notice.

Future Tenses

14. By the time the new desalination plant becomes fully operational in 2040, the region ____ nearly a third of the groundwater reserves it had at the beginning of the century.

Past Simple Tense & Past Continuous Tense

15. ---- the ferry was approaching the harbour, a dense fog ---- so quickly that the captain had to drop anchor offshore and wait until dawn.

Tense Agreement in Time Clauses

16. The moment the last of the archived field recordings ----, the linguists will begin comparing the dialects spoken on either side of the mountain range.

Modals Verbs of Obligation, Necessity & Prohibition

17. Looking back, the editor concedes that the journal ---- the controversial figure without first asking the authors for their raw data; the humiliating retraction that followed could easily have been avoided.

Present Perfect Tense & Present Perfect Continuous Tense

18. The number of undergraduates choosing to major in classical philology ---- by almost half since the faculty merged the department with linguistics.

Types of Pronouns

19. Our department and the history department both maintain online archives of their seminar recordings, but whereas ours is updated within a week of every talk, ---- has not been revised since 2019.

Present Perfect Tense & Present Perfect Continuous Tense

20. The evaluation committee ---- its final report to the ministry last Thursday, but the document has not been made public yet.

Modals Verbs of Obligation, Necessity & Prohibition

21. Under the laboratory's safety protocol, visitors ---- the culture plates under any circumstances; the document treats this as an absolute prohibition rather than a mere expectation, since even momentary contact can ruin months of work.

Modals Verbs of Ability & Possibility

22. Her coat was still hanging behind the door and her coffee cup had been left half full; since nothing else could account for the state of the office, the researcher ---- the building in a great hurry.

Past Simple Tense & Past Continuous Tense

23. While the committee was still debating the wording of the final paragraph, one of the observers quietly ---- the room and never returned.

Modals Verbs of Obligation, Necessity & Prohibition

24. Once the automated logging system is installed next semester, the technicians ---- each measurement manually, which will free them for the far more demanding analytical work the department has been postponing.

Present Perfect Tense & Present Perfect Continuous Tense

25. The manuscript on display in the second hall is the oldest complete copy of the epic that ---- to the public anywhere in Europe.

Modals Verbs of Obligation, Necessity & Prohibition

26. Under the revised data-protection policy, researchers ---- written consent from every participant before any recording begins; the ethics board regards this as an absolute condition of approval, not as a recommendation.

Present Perfect Tense & Present Perfect Continuous Tense

27. Professor Demirsoy ---- the current director of the institute since the two of them were graduate students in Vienna, which is why her recommendation carries so much weight in the department.

Future Tenses

28. There is no need to book a taxi for tomorrow morning: the shuttle bus to the conference centre ____ from the hotel entrance at a quarter past eight every day of the congress.

Modals Verbs of Obligation, Necessity & Prohibition

29. If the research team wants its grant to be renewed for a second term, it ---- the interim report before Friday; the funding body is notorious for rejecting late submissions without any further correspondence.

Tense Agreement in Time Clauses

30. ---- had the newly built bridge been opened to traffic ---- inspectors detected worrying cracks in one of its main support columns.

Simple Present & Present Continuous Tense

31. Although the two beetle species ---- virtually identical to the naked eye, taxonomists ---- perfectly well that they belong to entirely different genera.

Types of Pronouns

32. The geologist ---- team first mapped the fault line running beneath the eastern districts of the city has since been asked to advise the national earthquake commission.

Types of Pronouns

33. The dean was so dissatisfied with the wording of the final paragraph that she rewrote it ---- instead of returning the whole document to the drafting committee for a third time.

Simple Present & Present Continuous Tense

34. The materials science laboratory ---- an electron microscope so sophisticated that researchers from three neighbouring universities regularly book time on it.

Modals Verbs of Ability & Possibility

35. Since the space telescope began operating in 2022, astronomers ---- observe galaxies that formed less than three hundred million years after the Big Bang.

Modals Verbs of Ability & Possibility

36. The seismic network has recorded unusual tremors beneath the caldera, and volcanologists warn that the mountain ---- at some point within the next decade, though nothing is certain yet.

Present Perfect Tense & Present Perfect Continuous Tense

37. The two research groups have been sharing the same climate data set ---- nearly a decade, yet they have published only one joint paper so far.

Simple Present & Present Continuous Tense

38. The shuttle bus linking the north campus to the city centre ---- every twenty minutes throughout the academic year, so students seldom bother to consult the printed timetable.

Modals Verbs of Ability & Possibility

39. Although the expedition had been pinned down by the blizzard for almost two days, the rescue helicopter ---- the base camp shortly before nightfall on Thursday.

Modals Verbs of Ability & Possibility

40. The dispatches were being delivered to an abandoned consulate throughout that autumn, so the ambassador ---- what his government had decided; not a single one of the papers ever reached his desk.